Minimal resources: Students’ ideas

The student test

Most tests actually check what your students don’t know rather than what they do (unfortunately this is the very nature of most testing). However, it doesn’t need to be like this. Here is an idea to make the whole process far more useful.

1. Divide your students into small groups (between 3 and 5 students is best).
2. Ask the students to look back over what they have been learning (you might want to set a time limit).
3. Then, ask the groups to write a test for the other students. The tests can then be exchanged and each group try another test. Once the tests have been done the original group can mark it.
4. Finally, collect all the tests in and take a look at them – particularly at the questions, not just the answers.

Oops!

1. Make a note of 8 sentences that contain mistakes that your students make – these can be from written work or from when they speak. You will need two pieces of paper (for larger classes you may need more).
2. On one piece write down the eight sentences, but correct 4.
3. On the other piece of paper write down the same eight sentences, but correct the four sentences that on the first piece of paper were left incorrect.
4. Now divide your class into two groups and give each group one of the pieces of paper.
5. Ask the students to work in their groups and decide which sentences are right and which are wrong.
6. Tell the students to correct the sentences that are wrong. The students should make their own copies of the sentences.
7. Next, put the students into pairs – so they are working with someone from the other group – and compare their answers.
8. Finally, collate and discuss as a class.

A student dictogloss

1. Find a suitable piece of writing from one of your students (sometimes it is fine to work with a piece that contains mistakes as these can become part of the focus of the activity. However, it is worth thinking about how the individual student may react to their mistakes being discussed by all the other students).
2. Tell the students you are going to read out a short text.
3. Ask the students to put their pens down and just listen.
4. Read out the text once and then ask the students to note down all the words they can remember – this should be done focusing on key words and NOT trying to remember everything verbatim.
5. Read out the text again and then ask the students to work in pairs and reconstruct the entire text. Then ask the pairs to compare their texts.
6. Finally, compare their texts to the original and discuss.

An object feast

1. 1st lesson: bring in a small object, or a photo. (For example, I would bring in a photo taken from a visit to the rainforest in South America. Another friend would take in a Boomerang they bought while on holiday in Australia). Tell the story behind the photo/object and then put the students into groups. Ask the students to write questions to ask you. Conduct a Q&A session.
2. 2nd lesson: Ask the students to bring in an object or photo. If your class is large divide into small groups and get them to discuss their photos/objects. In small classes the whole activity can be done together.

Word limits

1. Ask your students to choose 3 words that they have recently learnt and to write these words in their notebooks.
2. Next, ask them to write 4 words that they associate with each of their ‘key’ words. Put students into pairs or groups and explain the task.
3. Students should take it in turns to explain each of their key words to the other students in their group. However, when explaining they must not use the other words that they wrote down (those that that they associated with each key word). They must not mime, draw or resort to L1 either.
4. Often students get better at explaining if they have to do it more than once. Therefore, after the first go put students into new groups and get them to repeat the activity.

The question box

1. 1st lesson. Ask students to write down three questions (you could limit the focus or allow the questions to be about anything) that they would like answered. If you want, this can be done for homework. Put all the questions in a box.
2. 2nd (and subsequent lessons). Put students in groups and ask each group to pick a question from the box. In their groups they should discuss the question (you might want to set a time limit. e.g. 10 minutes) before reporting back to the class. If there is one question of particular interest you might want the class to spend more time on it.

Our project

1. 1st lesson. Put students into groups and explain that over the next X weeks/lessons they are going to be involved in a project. Give the groups 6 minutes to brainstorm project ideas and then two minutes to vote/choose which project their group will do. (Alternatively, ask students to think of projects on their own and then form groups where all the students have similar ideas).
2. 2nd (and subsequent lessons). Devote a section of the lesson (from 10 minutes upwards) to the groups discussing their project. During this time they can set tasks for themselves, and each other, that can be done outside the class, discuss progress, exchange information etc.
3. Note: It is important to have an outcome and time limit for the project. i.e. In 10 lessons time you will ‘present’ your project to the rest of the class.
   This type of project work is extremely motivating for many learners, especially those studying at school where classes are levelled by age, not ability.

   Source : www.onestopenglish.com

Low-level activities

Starter level

Word tennis: Vocabulary

This is a good activity to review key vocabulary for a variety of starter-level word groups.

• Put students into pairs and tell them to turn their chairs to face each other.
• Choose a word group (e.g. colours or furniture) and write it on the board.
• Explain that students should take turns to say one word they can think of that belongs to the word group.
• They should continue, like a game of tennis, with the ‘rally’ lasting as long as either of them can think of an appropriate word.
• The winner is therefore the last student to say a word!
• You may wish to follow this up by telling students to write down all the words they thought of.
• Tell the pair with the longest list to write it on the board, and then review spelling and pronunciation.

Dialogue build: writing and reading

• Put students into pairs and give each pair six strips of blank paper.
• Tell them to write a short dialogue to practise any English they know.
• Explain that they should write each line of dialogue on a separate strip of paper.
• Give students time to think of a dialogue and write the six lines of their dialogue on their strips of paper.
• Monitor and check for accuracy. When students have finished, tell them to mix their strips of paper and exchange them with another pair of students.
• Explain they should read the strips of paper and try to put the dialogue in the correct order.
• When students have completed the reordering activity, tell them to practice the dialogue with their partner.
• Tell students to continue to exchange their strips of paper with their classmates until each pair has reordered and practiced each of the dialogues.

Elementary level

Category game: vocabulary This is one way you might wish to revise key vocabulary:

• List the following categories in a column on the board: country, sport, meat, vegetable, fruit, animal, job, colour.
• Divide the class into groups, and write one letter at the top of the board, for example S. Tell each group to think as quickly as they can of a word for each category that begins with that letter (e.g. spain, swimming, sausages, etc.)
• The first group to finish should shout ‘Stop!’
• Tell them to call out their list of words and write them on the board next to the appropriate category.
• You may wish to ask groups to spell any difficult words. If all words are correct, award the group five points. If they make a mistake, deduct five points from their total.
• Then begin the game again by writing a different letter on the board.

One minute, please!: speaking

This is a good exercise to try top develop confidence and fluency with students at lower levels.

• Begin by writing a list of topics on the board, such as football, boys, school, parents, food, holidays, etc.
• Then divide the class into two teams and ask for a volunteer from one team to come to the front to sit in a chair facing the rest of the class.
• Explain that students from the opposing team should choose a topic from the board, and that the student must try to talk about that topic for no less than one minute.
• Add that while some pauses are allowed for thinking time, no pause should be longer than five seconds.
• If the student manages to talk for a full one minute, award five points. Give proportionally fewer points for less than one minute of talking time.
• Continue the game with students from each team taking turns to come to the ‘hot seat’ and talk about a topic for one minute.
• The team with the most number of points at the end of the game is the winner.
• You many wish to note any grammar, vocabulary or pronunciation errors and review these in a later lesson.
  

  High-level activities

  Intermediate level
  

  Yes/no: speaking

  This is a popular, fast-paced question and answer game.

  • Have a volunteer come to the front of the class and sit in a chair facing the rest of the students.
  • Explain that the class must ask as many questions as possible in a time limit of one minute.
  • The volunteer must answer each question truthfully, but avoid saying the words Yes or No. If they say Yes or No in reply to a question, they lose and are replaced by another volunteer.
  • You may wish to demonstrate the activity first by asking for a volunteer and questioning them yourself. Try to ask questions that naturally expect a Yes or No answer. Question tags are good for this: You’re Spanish, aren’t you?
  • Also, repeating back their answer with rising intonation as if asking for clarification is a good trick:

  A: What nationality are you?
  B: Spanish
  A: Spanish?
  B: Yes…Ah!

  This can be great fun and but remember to keep the pace as fast as possible. It’s a good revision activity for various tenses (simple present/ simple past, etc.), question tags, and practicing intonation.

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  Whisper, whisper: speaking/grammar

  This simple activity is a nice way to review reported speech.

  • Put students into groups of three and tell student A to whisper a sentence to student B. Student B must then tell the student C what student A said, using the reported speech.
  • Student C then whispers a new sentence to Student A and so the game continues.

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  We’ve got so much in common!: speakingThis is a handy ‘getting-to-know-each other’ activity you might wish to use with a new class.

  • Put students into pairs and tell them to ask and answer questions to find three things that they have in common with each other. You might wish to write a few ideas on the board, such as What’s your star sign? What’s your favourite food?, etc.
  • When each pair of students has found three things they have in common, tell them to stand up and tell the class what those three things are.
  • You can then mix the class again by telling students to find a new partner who they have something in common with.

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  Party time: speaking/vocabulary

  • Brainstorm adjectives of character (shy, generous, etc) and write as many as students can think of on the board.
  • Then tell each student to choose one of the adjectives of character from the board. Explain to students that they are all at a party, and that they must mingle and chat to each other in the role of their character adjective.
  • Explain that they must pretend to have that character, but that they must never say what the adjective is.
  • Have students write the name of each student in the class on a piece of paper. Tell them to start mingling, and explain that they should try to speak to everyone and identify the character adjective they are representing.
  • When they think they know what adjective the person they are speaking to is trying to express, they should write it next to their name and move on to speak to someone else.
  • At the end of the game, tell students to sit down and then call out the name of each person in the class and ask students to say the adjective they thought that person was trying to represent.

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  Upper Intermediate level

  If….writing/speaking

  • Give students two or three strips of paper each and tell them to write the beginning part of a second conditional sentence on each strip.
  • Write a few examples on the board to give them some ideas, such as ‘If I was a bird…’, ‘If I went to Rome…’
  • Make sure students only write the beginning part of the sentence. When they have finished collect all the strips of paper and mix them.
  • Put students into small groups and divide the strips of paper between each group.
  • Place the strips of paper face down on the desk in front of the students.
  • Tell students to take turns choosing a strip of paper, turning it over and reading what it says.
  • Explain they must finish the sentence. Demonstrate this activity by using the examples on the board: ‘If I was a bird… I’d fly around the world’ ‘If I went to Rome I’d visit the Vatican Museum.’
  • When students have finished tell groups to swap their strips of paper and continue the activity.
  • You may wish to monitor and make notes of any errors students make. At the end, read out the incorrect sentences and have the class listen and correct any mistakes they hear.

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  Soap opera drama: speaking

  • Choose a famous soap opera that all your students know.
  • Tell them to list six of the most famous characters, and have them explain to you the personality and profile of each one.
  • Then divide the class into groups of six and tell each student to choose a different character.
  • Explain they must prepare a scene from the next episode of the soap opera!
  • Tell them that the scene should include all the characters, and give them time to prepare their ideas.
  • When students are ready, have each group come to the front of the class and perform their role play.
  • For each role play award up to five points for each of the following categories: level of interest, level of acting, accuracy of language, pronunciation.
  • The winner is the group with the most points.

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  Mini presentations: speaking

  • Tell students to individually make a list of three things they are interested in (e.g. a hobby or sport they have, etc.).
  • Give them time to make their list, then put them into groups to exchange their ideas.
  • Tell students to choose one of the three topics on their list and prepare a one minute presentation.
  • When they are ready, have student come to the front of the class to give their presentation.
  • Give each student up to five points for each of the following categories: level of interest, eye contact, fluency, grammatical accuracy, range of vocabulary, pronunciation.
  • Finally, give your feedback to each student on their performance before announcing the winner.

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  Chain story: listening/speaking/writing

  • Tell students to sit in a large circle.
  • Explain they have to tell a story, each taking turns to add a sentence as the story goes around the class in a circle.
  • Begin the story yourself, with something like ‘It was a dark, stormy night when suddenly Jennifer heard a noise at the door.’
  • The student on your left should then continue the story, adding the next sentence.
  • The student on their left should then add the next sentence, and so on until the story has gone around the whole class.
  • When the last student has concluded the story, say your first sentence again and have students each repeat their part of the story as it goes around the class once more to help them remember.
  • Finally, put students into pairs and tell them to write the story. Monitor and help with grammar and spelling.

  Source : www.onestopenglish.com

Minimal resources: Coursebooks